Topic Four Objectives and Terms

1. What observations can be made about the significance of Western Europe in the development of modern civilization since about 1650?

2. What general statements can be made about the nature of Louis XIV's rule in France and about the role of France in European affairs during his reign?

3. Why did Louis XIV's foreign policy arouse the opposition of the rest of Europe?

4. Explain the nature of the "balance of power" that was employed against Louis XIV. Of what broad significance has the "balance of power" concept been in diplomatic history?

5. Describe Dutch cultural and commercial accomplishments in the seventeenth century.

6. How do the two paintings by Rembrandt (pp. 113 and 165) and the paintings by Vermeer and Moreelse (pp. 111 and 293) illustrate Dutch artistic achievements and Dutch intellectual, commercial, and colonial enterprises?

7. Explain the nature of government and of political life in the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic.

8. How did the Dutch and English come into conflict in the seventeenth century? With what results?

9. How did the Dutch become involved in conflict with Louis XIV? With what results?

10. What comparisons may be made between events in England in the seventeenth century and developments on the Continent?

11. Why did Parliament come into conflict with James I? with Charles? How did the special nature of Parliament make its resistance effective?

12. How did the civil war begin? How did Cromwell emerge as ruler of England?

3. Describe the government of England under the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. What is meant by the regime of the "major generals"?

14. What policies did Cromwell follow toward Scotland? toward Ireland? in foreign affairs? toward the more radical elements emerging in England?

15. How would you evaluate Cromwell's role in English history?

16. Explain the general nature of the Restoration in England. Of what significance was the legislation enacted by the Restoration Parliament?

17. How did religious matters again bring Parliament and king into conflict? What policies of James II precipitated the Revolution of 1688?

18. Summarize the legislation introduced after the Revolution of 1688. Of what significance was William's acceptance of the Bill of Rights?

19. Of what constitutional significance for England was the

Revolution of 1688? Why have writers in more recent times "deglorified" the revolution? Give arguments for and against this point of view.

20. What were the consequences of these events for Scotland? for Ireland?

21. What factors accounted for France's leadership during the age of Louis XIV? Describe French cultural contributions and achievements in this age.

22. How did Louis XIV develop the "state" in its modern form? What is suggested as the deeper meaning of his reputed boast, "L'etat, c'est moi"?

23. What arguments were used to justify the divine right of kings in the seventeenth century?

24. Discuss Louis XIV's (a) military and administrative reforms, (b) economic and financial policies, (c) religious policy.

25. How would you assess the reign of Louis XIV from a purely domestic point of view?

26. From the illustrations and discussion in the Picture Essay (pp. 199-209), what does one learn about the meaning of the "baroque" style in architecture in this age? about French cultural influence in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

27. Describe Louis XIV's foreign policy in the years prior to the War of the Spanish Succession. Of what significance were the "chambres de reunion" in Alsace and Lorraine?

28. What features of the War of the Spanish Succession made it distinctive? Why was the war fought?

29. Summarize the main developments of the war. What motives prompted each state to continue to fight?

30. What were the major provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht? On what basis were differences between the great powers settled?

TERMS:

Grand Monarque

Sun King

Charles II of Spain

Franche Comte'

"universal monarchy"

Estates-General of the United Provinces

Arminians

Bank of Amsterdam

House of Orange

William III

English Navigation Act of 1651

English-Dutch wars

Treaty of Nimwegen

hereditary stadholderate

Hugo Grotius

Baruch Spinoza

Christian Huyghens

Puritan

Presbyterian

Anglican

James VI of Scotland

"The True Law of Free Monarchy"

"tunnage and poundage"

Archbishop Laud

prerogative courts

ship money case

Long Parliament

Solemn League and Covenant

Roundheads

Independents

Pride's Purge

the Rump

Levellers

Diggers

Fifth Monarchy Men

Instrument of Government

Charles II

Dissenters

treaty of Dover

declaration of indulgence

Test Act

Whigs and Tories

trial of the seven bishops

Glorious Revolution

William and Mary

battle of the Boyne

Bill of Rights

United Kingdom of Great Britain

Act of Settlement of 1701

Toleration Act

parlements

Fronde

Cardinal Mazarin

Bishop Bossuet

divine right of kings

Versailles

intendants

councils of state

tax farmers

Colbert

Five Great Farms

Commercial Code

French East India Company

revocation of the Edict of Nantes

War of Devolution

Dutch War

Treaty of Nimwegen

chambres de reunion

War of the League of Augsburg

Peace of Ryswick

Charles II of Spain

The Pyrenees exist no longer

William III

John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough

Philip V of Spain

Grand Alliance of 1701

Prince Eugene of Savoy

treaties of Utrecht and Rastadt

asiento

Dutch barrier