Outlines for “A History of the Modern World” 9th
Edition
Chapter
Four Section Twenty: Britain: The Triumph of Parliament
1.
The
Restoration, 1660 – 1688: The Later
Stuarts
a.
Along
with the monarchy, the Anglican church and the Parliament were restored
b.
Charles
II is wary of Parliament
c.
Parliament
is more loyal to king to keep the peace
d.
Parliament
cleans up property rights by abolishing feudal payments
i.
Rents
are replaced with taxes that Parliament controls by placing taxes on themselves
ii.
Payment
of taxes gives Parliament control over England
iii.
Landowners
became the justices of the peace “squirearchy”
e.
Dissenters
i.
Puritans
are excluded from government participation
ii.
Commoners
are excluded as well Act of Settlement of 1662 limited the movement of the poor
f.
Re-Catholicization
was a slow drifting tendency in much of Europe
i.
England
remained staunchly anti-Catholic
ii.
Charles
II was Catholic at heart
1.
Secret
treaty of Dover of 1670
a.
Charles
agreed to help Louis against the Dutch
b.
Louis
agreed to give Charles 3 million livres
2.
James
the heir of Charles announced his conversion to Rome
3.
Charles
II announced non-enforcement of laws against dissenters
g.
Parliament
passes the “Test Act” 1673
i.
All
office holders had to take communion in the Church of England (1828)
ii.
Movement
of exclude James from the throne by law grows
iii.
Exclusionists
(Whigs) Upper Aristocracy
iv.
Kings
supporters (Tories) Lower Aristocracy and gentry
2.
The
Revolution of 1688
a.
1685
James II becomes king
i.
Suspends
the Test Act and appoints Catholics to important positions
ii.
The
alienation created by James II moves Tories over to Whig side
b.
1688
a son is born to James II and baptized Catholic
i.
Leading
political figures abandon James II and offer the throne to his daughter Mary
(Protestant)
ii.
Mary
is the wife of William III who is focused solely on the plight of the Dutch
iii.
William
III “invades” England and James II flees
iv.
1689
a skirmish with James II in Ireland (Catholic) ends the dispute and James II
flees to France (Pretenders)
v.
Louis
XIV refuses to recognize William III as king and supports James II
c.
1689
Bill of Rights
i.
no
law could be suspended by the king
ii.
no
taxes could be raised or army maintained without Parliament’s consent
iii.
no
subject could be arrested without legal process
d.
1701
Act of Settlement
i.
no
Catholic could be king of England
e.
Existence
of Catholic interests eventually was accepted ending wars over religion in
England
f.
1707
Scotland unites with England
i.
Keeps
Catholicism off the throne in Scotland
ii.
Gives
Scotland economic rights in England
g.
England
establishes a “penal” code over Ireland to keep it in check
i.
Catholic
clergy was banned
ii.
Catholics
could not vote
iii.
Catholic
teachers could not teach
iv.
Catholic
parents could not send children to Catholic schools
v.
Catholics
could not take a degree at Trinity College
vi.
Catholic
Irishmen could not purchase land
vii.
Catholic
Irishmen could not own a horse worth more than 5 pounds
viii.
Irish
exports are prohibited
ix.
Irish
imports must come from England
x.
Ireland
was the most repressed population in Europe
h.
England
joins the coalition against France under William’s leadership
i.
England
lends money to the Dutch
ii.
Create
the Bank of England
1.
Creates
liquidity that the Continent cannot match
i.
Sum
of events after 1688 became known as the Glorious Revolution
i.
Parliamentary
government
ii.
Rule
of law
iii.
Right
of rebellion against tyranny (not in Ireland)
iv.
Restrictions
on the power of English kings
v.
Participation
in government in England is limited
1.
no
salaries
2.
serves
the landed aristocracy
3.
1710
Act requires large, landed incomes of HOC members
4. This class in many ways was the only class fit to lead