1.
The
Recovery and Growth of Habsburg Power
a.
Eminence
of the Habsburg was based on role of HRE
b.
Thirty
Years War ends the potential for a centralized monarchy over the HRE
c.
Spain
is in decline and the importance of connections with Spanish Habsburg is less
significant and then vanishes (Bourbons)
d.
Austria
successfully thrusts itself into European affairs as an Empire
e.
Austria
proper is made up of three dominions
i.
Hereditary
provinces of Upper and Lower Austria
ii.
Kingdom
of Bohemia (formerly Protestant)
1.
Bohemia,
Moravia, and Silesia
iii.
Kingdom
of Hungary
1.
Hungary,
Transylvania, and Croatia
iv.
Region
is knit together by force
f.
Hungary
comes to Austria through Europe’s response to the Turks
i.
1683
Poland (Sobieski), Russia, and Italy help push the Turks away from Vienna
(Parthenon)
g.
Eugene
of Savoy helps modernize Austria
i.
Organizes
the military after the model of Louis XIV
ii.
Defeats
Turks and wins Hungary, Transylvania, and Croatia for Austria
iii.
1700
Focus shifts to the west and in 1714 wins Spanish Netherlands, Naples, and
Milan
iv.
Focus
shifts to the east and the Turks are push further
1.
1739
wins Croatia and eastern boundary is established for 300 years
2.
Trieste
gives Austria water access
2.
The
Austrian Monarchy by 1740
a.
Monarchy
stretches to the bounds of the Danubian Basin
b.
Diverse
populations are represented
i.
German,
Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian
c.
Stands
against Protestants, democrats, nationalists
d.
Strong
agricultural base
i.
Landlords
are left in charge
ii.
Peasants
will struggle
iii.
Industrialization
is minimal
iv.
Protestantism
is repressed and lands are seized and redistributed
1.
Heterogeneous
population is generated (Hungary)
e.
Various
relationship with the members of the Empire were based on the leadership of the
Habsburgs
i.
Title
was to be hereditary to prevent chaos and keep the crowns united under one
person
f.
Charles
VI organizes the “Pragmatic Sanction”
i.
All
internal members of the Empire agree to let Maria Theresa inherit all titles of
the empire
ii.
Foreign
powers agree with Pragmatic Sanction as well
1.
England
receives trade concessions
iii. 1740 Charles VI dies and “War of the Austrian Succession” breaks out